Karate white belt finger.

Traditional Shotokan Karate training requires hand conditioning using the Okinawan traditional padded punching board, the " makiwara " (maki-" roll up " or " wrap " , and wara-to " straw "). Karate practitioners used to work out for hours with this device, to toughen the hands and strengthen the wrists to be able to deliver more powerful hand techniques. However, even though they may not use a makiwara, modern karatekas practice their karate strikes on sandbags. This training may produce different injuries (Adams and Mutasim, 2001; Vayssairat et al., 1984). Crosby (Crosby, 1985) radiographed the hands and wrists of 22 karate instructors, 17 of whom punched regularly the makiwara and performed pushups on the knuckles every day. He concluded that zealous use of the makiwara was a cause of pain and stiffness in the hands and wrists, but neither practice had a consistently deleterious effect on the mobility of the index and middle fingers meta-carpo-phalangeal joints which bore the brunt of the impact. " Karate Kid finger " (Chiu, 1993) is a traumatic condition of the little finger occurring in karate participants. It may become clinically evident as pain and paraesthesiae along the ulnar border of the little finger and hand. The ulnar dorsal digital nerve of the little finger can be damaged by repetitive contusion when the hand performs karate chop called " tsuki ". The repetitive impact may cause fibrosis within the nerve sheaths and between the nerve fibres. The " Karate Kid finger " is managed surgically by neurolysis. Overuse and poor technique are considered risk factors. Gichin Funakoshi, the father of modern karate, in the book Karate Jitsu (Funakoshi, 2001), decribes the correct way of performing the karate chop " tsuki ". Precisely, he pointed out that the " seiken " (the traditional karate " tsuki ") has four point of contact: the first two knuckles and the proximal interphalangeal joint of the index and middle finger. Even though Funas-koshi recommended to practice on makiwara, he was aware of the risks which can be carried out by an uncontrolled and excessive training. Infact, he also wrote: " Then there are those who, having a superficial knowledge of one or two karate techniques, hold their fists in such a way as to call attention to their callused knuckles while pushing their way through crowds as if looking for a fight-foolish beyond words " (Funakoshi, 1995). As …